Mourning and Memory in the Age of COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/11736Keywords:
collective memory, mourning, ritual, narrative, lyrical sociologyAbstract
Contemporary disasters are frequently accompanied by a rush to memorialization. Although there have been significant grassroots efforts to memorialize the tremendous losses that the United States has sustained during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been no coordinated national commemoration, no single place or moment that has channeled public grief in a genuinely collective manner. While acknowledging the political dynamics at play, I also go beyond them to consider the challenges that COVID-19 poses for meaning-making: how it creates obstacles to both ritual and narrativization. Drawing on literary approaches to sociology, I consider how the discipline can respond humanely to ongoing disruption and the protracted sense of liminality that it creates.
References
Abbott, A. (2007). Against Narrative: A Preface to Lyrical Sociology. Sociological Theory, 25(1), 67–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00298.x
Alexander, J.K. (2002). On the Social Construction of Moral Universals: The ‘Holocaust’ from War Crime to Trauma Drama. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(1), 5–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431002005001001
Bakhtin, M. (1984). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics(C. Emerson, Trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1963).
Berger, P.L. (1967). The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. Garden City: Doubleday.
Buhre, M.L. (2021). How this Artist Visualized the Scale of Human Loss to COVID-19. PBS News Hour, 19 February. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/how-this-artist-visualized-the-scale-of-human-loss-to-covid-19
Collins, R. (2004). Interaction Ritual Chains. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Collins, R. (2020). Social Distancing as a Critical Test of the Micro-Sociology of Solidarity. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 8, 477–497. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41290-020-00120-z
Durkheim, E. (1995). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life(K.E. Fields, Trans.). New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1912).
Erikson, K.T. (1976). Everything in Its Path: Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Frank, A.W. (1995). The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226260037.001.0001
Frank, A.W. (2010). Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-Narratology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226260143.001.0001
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and Melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed.) The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud(pp. 237–258). London: The Hogarth Press.
Grippe, J. (2020). The Project Behind a Front Page Full of Names. The New York Times, 23 May. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/23/reader-center/coronavirus-new-york-times-front-page.html
Goffman, E. (1955). On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction. Psychiatry, 18(3), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1955.11023008
Jacobs, R. (2001). The Problem with Tragic Narratives: Lessons from the Los Angeles Uprising. Qualitative Sociology, 24, 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010774209910
Leibniz, G.W. ([1710] 1985). Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil. La Salle, IL: Open Court Press.
Menjívar, C., Foster, J.G., & Brand, J.E. (2020). Don’t Call it “Social Distancing”. CNN, March 21. https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/21/opinions/physical-distancing-menjivar-foster-brand/index.html
Misner, J. (2020). My Best Friend is Gone, and Nothing Feels Right. The New York Times, 9 October. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/style/modern-love-coronavirus-thank-you-for-ruining-me.html
New York Times. (2020). An Incalculable Loss. 27 May. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/24/us/us-coronavirus-deaths-100000.html
Nussbaum, M. (2001). The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Riley, T. (2001). What to Build. New York Times Magazine , 11 November. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/11/magazine/reimagine-what-to-build.html
Simko, C. (2015). The Politics of Consolation: Memory and the Meaning of September 11. New York: Oxford University Press.
Simko, C. (2020). Marking Time in Memorials and Museums of Terror: Temporality and Cultural Trauma. Sociological Theory, 38(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275120906430
Simko, C., & Olick, J.K. (2020). Between Trauma and Tragedy. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 87, 651–676.
Slack, D. (2012). Biden Recalls Dark Days After Losing Family. Politico, 25 May. https://www.politico.com/blogs/politico44/2012/05/biden-recalls-dark-days-after-losing-family-124580
Smith, P. (2010). Why War? The Cultural Logic of Iraq, the Gulf War, and Suez. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stevens, M. (2020). Joe Biden Accepts Presidential Nomination: Full Transcript. The New York Times, 20 August. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/20/us/politics/biden-presidential-nomination-dnc.html
Van Dam, A. (2020). The Unluckiest Generation in U.S. History. Washington Post, 5 June. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/27/millennial-recession-covid/
Wagner-Pacifici, R. (1986). The Moro Morality Play: Terrorism as Social Drama. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wagner-Pacifici, R. (2017). What Is an Event?Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226439815.001.0001
Walsh, J. (2020). Shrine to George Floyd Could be Permanent at Minneapolis Intersection. Minneapolis Star Tribune, 12 June. https://www.startribune.com/shrine-to-george-floyd-could-be-permanent-at-38th-and-chicago/571211342/?refresh=true
Weber, M. (1946). The Social Psychology of the World Religions. In H.H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology(pp. 267–301). New York: Oxford University Press.
Xu, B. (2013). For Whom the Bell Tolls: State-Society Relations and the Sichuan Earthquake Mourning in China. Theory and Society, 42, 509–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-013-9200-5
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Christina Simko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.