Margaret Somers in Conversation with Daniel Hirschman

Authors

  • Margaret R. Somers Departments of Sociology and History, University of Michigan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-6808
  • Daniel Hirschman Department of Sociology, Cornell University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-8982

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/14827

Keywords:

Karl Polanyi, law and political economy, capitalism, comparative historical sociology, citizenship rights, moral economy

Abstract

Margaret R. Somers is a leading comparative historical sociologist and social theorist specializing in law and political economy, citizenship and rights, and the work of Karl Polanyi. After pathbreaking work early in her career on the origins of modern citizenship rights as well as on the logic and practice of comparative historical sociology, historical epistemology, and narrative analysis she turned to problems of escalating social exclusion, statelessness, and the threat to citizenship rights in the context of intensifying neoliberalism. Author of multiple articles and books and winner of numerous prizes, Somers is Professor Emerita of Sociology and History at the University of Michigan. Strongly influenced by the writing of Karl Polanyi, she has been a key contributor to debates on English legal history; dedemocratization and the rise of neoliberal authoritarianism; the political economy of predistribution, moral worth and market justice, and the political power of knowledge cultures and ideas. She also writes about contemporary social policy for a broader public in The Guardian, the Washington Post, Open Democracy, and other venues.

In this interview with Daniel Hirschman, conducted between 2021–2022 in a multiplicity of synchronous and asynchronous formats befitting the pandemic moment, Somers discusses her intellectual and political trajectories and how they shaped her intersecting research programs, including her latest work on moral economy, predistribution, and the contemporary authoritarian moment.

References

Anderson, E. (2017). Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don’t Talk about It). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Anderson, P. (1974). Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: Verso.

Block, F., & Somers, M.R. (1984). Beyond the Economistic Fallacy: The Holistic Social Science of Karl Polanyi. In T. Skocpol (Ed.), Vision and Method in Historical Sociology (pp. 47–84). London: Cambridge University Press.

Block, F., & Somers, M.R. (2003). In the Shadow of Speenhamland: Social Theory and the Old Poor Law. Politics and Society, 31(2), 283–323. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0032329203252272

Block, F., & Somers, M.R. (2014). The Power of Market Fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi’s Critique. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Brenner, R. (1976). Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe. Past & Present, 70(1), 30–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/70.1.30

Bourdieu, P. (1998). Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market. New York, NY: New Press.

Buchanan, J.M., & Tullock, G. (1962). The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Callon, M. (1998). The Laws of the Markets. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.

Cangiani, M. (2021). Market Society and the Institutional Theory of Karl Polanyi. In C. Whalen (Ed.), Institutional Economics: Perspectives and Methods in Pursuit of a Better World. Abingdon: Routledge.

Crozier, M., Huntington, S.P., & Watanuki, J. (1975). The Crisis of Democracy: Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission. New York, NY: New York University Press.

DiCesare, C. (2019). “A Growing Excitement That ‘Something Was Happening’”: A Rhetorical History of Gay Liberation and Socialist Feminism in the New American Movement between 1970 and 1980. [Master’s thesis, Syracuse University]. https://surface.syr.edu/thesis/319

Evans, P., Rueschemeyer, D., & Skocpol, T. (1985). Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Evans, S.M. (2003) Tidal Wave: How Women Changed America at Century’s End. New York, NY: Free Press.

Federici, S. (2020). Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. Oakland, CA: PM Press.

Federici, S., & Austin, A. (Eds.) (2017). Wages for Housework. The New York Committee 1972-1977: History, Theory, Documents. New York, NY: Autonomedia

Hacker, J. (2013). How to Reinvigorate the Centre-Left? Predistribution. The Guardian, 12 June. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/12/reinvigorate-centre-left-predistribution

Hirschman, A. (1991). The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Johnson, K., & Somers, P. (1972). Behind Every Sexist Stands the Boss: The Political Economy of Sexism [Position paper]. New American Movement.

Kriedkte, P., Medick, H., & Schlumbohm, J. (1977). Industrialization before Industrialization: Rural Industry in the Genesis of Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

MacKenzie, D. (2006). An Engine, Not a Camera. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

MacLean, N. (2017). Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America. New York, NY: Viking Penguin.

Murphy, L., & Nagel, T. (2002). The Myth of Ownership: Taxes and Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Polanyi, K. (1957). The Economy as Instituted Process. In K. Polyani, C.M. Arensberg, & H.W. Pearson (Eds.) Trade and Market in the Early Empires (pp. 243–259). New York, NY: Free Press.

Polanyi, K. (1977). The Livelihood of Man, edited by H. W. Pearson. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.

Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Piketty, T. (2020). Capital and Ideology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Skocpol, T., & Somers, M.R. (1980). The Uses of Comparative History in Macrosocial Inquiry. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22(2), 174–197. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500009282

Somers, M.R. (1986). The People and the Law: Narrative Identity and the Place of the Public Sphere in the Formation of English Working Class Politics—1300-1800, a Comparative Analysis. [Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University].

Somers, M.R. (1989). Workers of the World, Compare! Contemporary Sociology, 18(3), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.2307/2073803

Somers, M.R. (1992). Narrativity, Narrative Identity, and Social Action: Rethinking English Working-Class Formation. Social Science History, 16(4), 591–630. https://doi.org/10.2307/1171314

Somers, M.R. (1993). Citizenship and the Place of the Public Sphere: Law, Community, and Political Culture in the Transition to Democracy. American Sociological Review, 58(5), 587–620. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096277

Somers, M.R. (1994a). Narrative and the Constitution of Identity: A Relational and Network Approach. Theory and Society, 23(5), 605–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992905

Somers, M.R. (1994b). Rights, Relationality, and Membership: Rethinking the Making and Meaning of Citizenship. Law and Social Inquiry, 19(1), 1301–1350. https://www.jstor.org/stable/828430. Reprinted in C.L. McNeely (Ed.) Public Rights, Public Rules: Constituting Citizens in the World Polity and National Policy (pp. 153-206). New York, NY: Garland.

Somers, M.R. (1995a). What's Political or Cultural about Political Culture and the Public Sphere? Toward an Historical Sociology of Concept Formation. Sociological Theory, 13(2), 113–144. https://doi.org/10.2307/202157

Somers, M.R. (1995b). Narrating and Naturalizing Civil Society and Citizenship Theory: The Place of Political Culture and the Public Sphere. Sociological Theory, 13(3), 229–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/223298

Somers, M.R. (1995c). The 'Misteries' of Property: Relationality, Families, and Community in Chartist Narratives of Political Rights. In J. Brewer and S. Staves Early Modern Conceptions of Property (pp. 62–92). Abingdon: Routledge.

Somers, M.R. (1996a). Where is Sociology After the Historic Turn? Knowledge Cultures, Narrativity, and Historical Epistemologies. In T.J. McDonald (Ed.), The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences (pp. 53–90). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Somers, M.R. (1996b). Class Formation and Capitalism: A Second Look at a Classic [Katznelson and Zolberg's Working-Class Formation]. European Journal of Sociology/Archives de Sociologie Europeene, 37(1), 180–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000397560000802X

Somers, M.R. (1997) Deconstructing and Reconstructing Class Formation Theory: Narrativity, Relational Analysis, and Social Theory. In J.R. Hall (Ed.), Reworking Class (pp. 73–106). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Somers, M.R. (1998). We’re No Angels: Realism, Rational Choice, and Relationality in Social Science. American Journal of Sociology, 104(3), 722–784. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1086/210085

Somers, M.R. (1999). The Privatization of Citizenship: How to Unthink a Knowledge Culture. In V.E. Bonnell & L.H. Berkeley (Eds.), Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture (pp. 121–161). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Somers, M.R. (2005). Beware Trojan Horses Bearing Social Capital: How Privatization turned Solidarity into a Bowling Team. In C. Steinmetz (Ed.), The Politics of Method in the Human Sciences (pp. 346–411). Durham, NC: Duke University Press

Somers, M.R. (2008). Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to have Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Somers, M.R. (2017). How Grandpa became a Welfare Queen: Social Insurance, the Economisation of Citizenship, and a New Political Economy of Moral Worth. In J. Mackert & B.S. Turner (Eds.) The Transformation of Citizenship: Political Economy Vol. 1 (pp. 91–109). Abingdon: Routledge.

Somers, M.R. (2018). Utopianism and the Reality of Society: Decoding Polanyi’s Socialism, Freedom, and the Alchemy of Misrecognition. In M. Brie & C. Thomasberger (Eds.), Karl Polanyi and Freedom (pp. 91–109). Montreal: Black Rose.

Somers, M.R. (2020a). The Moral Economy of the Capitalist Crowd: Utopianism, the Reality of Society, and the Market as a Morally-Instituted Process in Polanyi’s The Great Transformation. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 11(2), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1353/hum.2020.0017

Somers, M.R. (2020b). Even the Republican ‘Skinny’ Relief Bill Failed. How Is Such Unnecessary Suffering Justified?. The Guardian, 14 September. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/14/republican-skinny-coronavirus-relief-mitch-mcconnell

Somers, M.R. (2021). Toward a Predistributive Democracy: Diagnosing Oligarchy, Dedemocratization, and the Deceits of Market Justice. In J. Mackert, H. Wolf & B.S. Turner (Eds.), The Condition of Democracy, Volume 1: Neoliberal Politics and Sociological Perspectives, (pp. 56–87). London: Routledge.

Somers, M.R. (2022). Dedemocratizing Citizenship: How Neoliberalism used Market Justice to move from ‘Welfare Queens’ to Authoritarianism in 25 Short Years. Citizenship Studies, 25th Anniversary Issue.

Somers, M.R. (Forthcoming a). Inequality, Dedemocratization, and Market Capitalism: Toward a Polanyian Democratic Political Economy. Journal of Law & Political Economy.

Somers, M.R., & Block, F. (2005). From Poverty to Perversity: Ideas, Markets, and Institutions over 200 Years of Welfare Debate. American Sociological Review, 70(2), 260–287. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000312240507000204

Somers, M.R., & Block., F. (2014). Is Cruelty the Key to Prosperity? Open Democracy: Transformation, 27 October. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/transformation/is-cruelty-key-to-prosperity/?saved#cookies-form

Somers, M.R., & Block, F. (2020a). Polanyi’s Democratic Socialist Vision: Piketty through the Lens of Polanyi. In R. Desai & K. Polyani Levitt (Eds.), Karl Polanyi and Twenty-first Century Capitalism, (pp. 211–230). Manchester: University of Manchester Press.

Somers, M.R., & Block, F. (2020b). Polanyi's Prescience: Covid-19, Market Utopianism, and the Reality of Society. In B. Aulenbacher, M. Marterbauer, A. Novy, K. P. Levitt, & A. Thurner (Eds.), Karl Polanyi: The Life and Work of an Epochal Thinker, (pp. 153–159). Vienna: Falter.

Somers, M.R., & Block, F. (2021). Against Polanyian Orthodoxy: A Reply to Hannes Lacher. Theory and Society, 50(3), 417–-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09438-0

Somers, M.R., & Roberts, C.N. (2008). Toward a New Sociology of Rights: A Genealogy of ‘Buried Bodies’ of Citizenship and Human Rights. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 4, 385–425. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.2.081805.105847

Somers, M.R., & Gibson, G. (1994). Reclaiming the Epistemological ‘Other’: Narrative and the Social Constitution of Identity. In C. Calhoun (Ed.), Social Theory and the Politics of Identity, (pp. 37–99). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Thompson, E.P. (1965). Making of the English Working Class. New York, NY: Vintage.

Thompson, E.P. (1978). The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays. London: Merlin.

Wallerstein, I. (1975). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York, NY: Academic Press.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-19

How to Cite

Somers, M. R., & Hirschman, D. (2022). Margaret Somers in Conversation with Daniel Hirschman. Sociologica, 16(1), 153–173. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/14827

Issue

Section

Interviews