Producing the Subject of Deportation. Filtration Processes during the Russia-Ukraine War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/15387Keywords:
deportation, Russia-Ukraine war, filtration, genocide, MariupolAbstract
The essay theorizes the “filtration process” executed by the Russian forces on the temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories that Ukrainian citizens undergo prior to their forceful deportation to the territory of the Russian Federation. The essay broadens the timeframe of “filtration” from interrogation to various logistical steps, including the digital and biometric data collection in so-called “camps,” for instrumentalization and reification of deported civilians as data subjects.
References
Amnesty International. (2022). Ukraine: Deadly Mariupol Theatre Strike ‘a Clear War Crime’ by Russian Forces. 30 June. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/06/ukraine-deadly-mariupol-theatre-strike-a-clear-war-crime-by-russian-forces-new-investigation/
Aseyev, S. (2021). In Isolation: Dispatches from Occupied Donbas (L. Wolanskyj, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
Blinken, A.J. (2022). Russia’s “Filtration” Operations, Forced Disappearances, and Mass Deportations of Ukrainian Citizens. Secretary of State’s Press Statement. 13 July. https://www.state.gov/russias-filtration-operations-forced-disappearances-and-mass-deportations-of-ukrainian-citizens/
Conflict Observatory. (2022). Mapping the Filtration System in Donetsk Oblast. Conflict Observatory, 25 August. https://hub.conflictobservatory.org/portal/apps/sites/#/home/pages/filtration-1
Deutsch, A., & van den Berg, S. (2002). Exclusive: Ukraine Probes Deportation of Children to Russia as Possible Genocide. Reuters, 2 June. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/exclusive-ukraine-investigates-deportation-children-russia-possible-genocide-2022-06-03/
Dixon, R., & Ilyushina, M. (2022). Even People in Separatist Ukraine Question “Evacuation” Crisis Brewed by Russian-backed Leaders. The Washington Post, 19 February. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/19/ukraine-russia-donbas/
Geneva Conventions. (1949). International Committee of the Red Cross. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5
Hinnant, L., Chernov, M., & Stepanenko, V. (2022). AP Evidence Points to 600 Dead in Mariupol Theater Airstrike. AP News, 4 May https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-donetsk-0e361756c6acc287e8974103913abfc6
Hinton, A. (2022). Russia’s Mass Kidnappings of Ukrainians Are a Page Out of a Wartime Playbook – and Evidence of Genocide. The Conversation, 20 July. https://theconversation.com/russias-mass-kidnappings-of-ukrainians-are-a-page-out-of-a-wartime-playbook-and-evidence-of-genocide-187065
HRW. (2000). Hundreds of Chechens Detained in “Filtration Camps.” Detainees Face Torture, Extortion, Rape. HRW, 17 February. https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/02/17/hundreds-chechens-detained-filtration-camps
Izvestia. (2022). Okolo 2 Mln Chelovek Obratilis’ k Rossii s Prosboy ob Evakuatsii s Ukrainy. Izvestia, 9 March. https://iz.ru/1302558/2022-03-09/okolo-2-mln-chelovek-obratilis-k-rossii-s-prosboi-ob-evakuatcii-s-ukrainy
Javaid, M. (2022). More Accounts of Abuses in so-called Russian Filtration Camps in New Report Add to International Concern. The New York Times, 16 July. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/17/world/europe/more-accounts-of-abuses-in-so-called-russian-filtration-camps-in-new-report-adds-to-international-concern.html
Kottasová, I. (2022). Ukrainians Must Endure a Brutal ‘Filtration’ Process to Escape Russian-held Territory. Here’s What That Means. CNN, 23 May. https://edition.cnn.com/2022/05/23/europe/russia-ukraine-filtration-camps-intl-cmd/index.html
Krechetova, D. (2022). Russia Announces the “Adoption” of Thousands of Children Deported from Mariupol. Українська правда, 23 August. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/08/23/7364446/
Larkin, B. (2013). The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42, 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155522
Mariupol City Council. (2022a). Okupanty Nasylno Zmushuiut Liudei Vyizhdzhaty z Ukrainy na Terytoriiu Rosii. Telegram [Mariupol City Council], 19 March. https://t.me/mariupolrada/8913
Mariupol City Council. (2022b). Post about the Mariupol Theatre Airstrike. Telegram [Mariupol City Council], 25 March. https://t.me/mariupolrada/8999
NV. (2022). My Shcho, v Riznykh Donetskakh Zhyvemo? De Striliaiut? Chym Obernulasia Prymusova “Vakuatsiia” z ORDLO – Svidchennia Tykh, Khto Poikhav i Khto Zalyshyvsia. NV, 21 February. https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/bizhenci-z-donbasu-shcho-pro-evakuaciyu-dumayut-ti-hto-pojihav-i-ti-hto-zalishivsya-50218415.html
OCHA. (2001). Chechen Official: Russian Camps Used for 'Extermination'. OCHA, 21 May. https://reliefweb.int/report/russian-federation/chechen-official-russian-camps-used-extermination
Office of the Director of National Intelligence of the Russian Federation. (2022a). Russian Forces Conducting Detentions and Forced Deportations Through Systematic Filtration Operations. Office of the Director of National Intelligence of the Russian Federation, 15 June. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/NICM-Unclassified-Assessment-on-Russian-Filtration-Camps-2022.pdf
Office of the Director of National Intelligence of the Russian Federation. (2022b). Unclassified Assessment on Russian Filtration Camps. Office of the Director of National Intelligence of the Russian Federation, 15 June. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/NICM-Unclassified-Assessment-on-Russian-Filtration-Camps-2022.pdf
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. (2022). Report on Violations of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity Committed in Ukraine (1 April – 25 June 2022). 14 July. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/e/522616.pdf
Paladino, J. (2022). Russian Filtration Camps: ‘Black Holes of Human Rights Abuses’ Where Ukrainians Face Torture and Loyalty Tests. Grid, 8 August. https://www.grid.news/story/global/2022/08/08/russian-filtration-camps-black-holes-of-human-rights-abuses-where-ukrainians-face-torture-and-loyalty-tests/
Peter, L. (2022). Russia Transfers Thousands of Mariupol Civilians to Its Territory. BBC, 27 March. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60894142
Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine. (2022). Nezakonna Deportatsiia ta Prymusova Mobilizatsiia Meshkantsiv Tymchasovo Okupovanykh Terytorii Skhodu Ukrainy — rozpochato kryminalni provadzhennia. Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, 21 February. https://www.gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/nezakonna-deportaciya-ta-primusova-mobilizaciya-meskanciv-timcasovo-okupovanix-teritorii-sxodu-ukrayini-rozpocato-kriminalni-provadzennya
RIA Novosti Crimea. (2022). Poryadka 2 Mln Ukraintsev Hotyat Evakuirovatsya v Rossiyu. RIA Novosti Crimea, 9 March. https://crimea.ria.ru/20220309/poryadka-2-mln-ukraintsev-khotyat-evakuirovatsya-v-rossiyu--mid-rf-1122617259.html
Ritzel, M., & Hinnant, L. (2022). AP Methodology: Calculating Mariupol Theater Airstrike Dead. AP News, 4 May. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-donetsk-0e361756c6acc287e8974103913abfc6
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1998). International Criminal Court. https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf
Sergeytsev, T. (2022). What Should Russia Do with Ukraine? РИА Новости, 3 April. https://medium.com/@kravchenko_mm/what-should-russia-do-with-ukraine-translation-of-a-propaganda-article-by-a-russian-journalist-a3e92e3cb64
Snyder, T. (2022). The War in Ukraine Is a Colonial War. The New Yorker, 28 April. https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/the-war-in.-ukraine-is-a-colonial-war
TSN. (2022). “My Vzhe Dobu ne Yily i ne Spaly”: Prymusovo Vyvezenym do Rosii Meshkantsiam Donbasu ne Vystachaie Mists u Hoteliakh. TSN, 20 February. https://tsn.ua/ato/mi-vzhe-dobu-ne-yili-i-ne-spali-primusovo-evakuyovanim-meshkancyam-donbasu-ne-vistachaye-misc-u-gotelyah-1981909.html
United Nations. (1948). Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf
Walker, S., & Roth, A. (2022). Pro-Russian Separatists Order Mass Evacuation of Eastern Ukraine. Warnings of Imminent Assault by Ukrainian Forces Fuels Fears Moscow is Seeking to Create Pretext for Invasion. The Guardian, 8 February. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/18/pro-russian-separatist-order-mass-evacuation-eastern-ukraine-fear-moscow-seeking-create-pretext-invasion
Yavorskaya, N. (2022). Berut iz Mariupolia Liudei i Syloiu Vyvoziat. Monoloh Meshkanky Mariupolskoho Selyshcha, Yaku Prymusovo Vyvezly v Rosiiu. Graty, 25 March. https://graty.me/uk/monologue/berut-iz-mariupolya-lyudej-i-nasilno-vyvozyat-monolog-zhitelniczy-mariupolskogo-poselka-kotoruyu-prinuditelno-vyvezli-v-rossiyu/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Daria Getmanova, Svitlana Matviyenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
